Ⅰ Epidemic Overview
This week (June 2 -- June 8, 2008), 2,843 cases of 16 kinds of legally defined infectious diseases with 2 cases of death (2 cases of hepatitis B) are reported in 18 districts and counties of Beijing Municipality. Among them, 11 categories of Type B Infectious Diseases amounting to 1,522 cases are reported, down 7.20％over last week and down 3.30% over the same week last year. The top 10 categories of diseases with the highest incidence rates are as follows: dysentery, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, measles, syphilis, scarlet fever, gonorrhea, hepatitis C, hepatitis (unclassified) and HEV. Four categories of Type C Infectious Diseases totaling 1,321 cases are reported, down 12.52％ over last week and down 25.33% over the same week last year.

Ⅱ. Analysis of the Major Epidemics
This week, a total of 846 cases are reported, down 15.65％over last week. Those infected are mainly scattered-living children and kindergarten kids.
Up to June 8, there have been a total of 8,921 reported cases in Beijing.

This week, a total of 1,172 cases of infectious diarrhea are reported, down 8.94％ over last week and down 24.73％over the same time last year. Outbreaks can be seen in every age group, with infants, children and youths reporting the most cases. The affected are mainly scattered-living children, cadres and staff, students, retirees, domestic housework personnel and the unemployed.
Up to June 8, the city has reported a total of 15,532 cases of infectious diarrhea, up 16.30％ over the same week last year.

Some 490 cases of chickenpox are reported this week, down 14.34％ over last week and down 12.50% over last year. The affected are mostly students, scattered-living children and kindergarten kids.
As of June 8, a total of 9,027 cases of chickenpox have been reported this year, up 21.87% over the same period last year.

Health authorities of Sri Lanka announced on June 3 that 10,000 people had been infected with leptospirosis, resulting in about 500 deaths.

(Ⅱ) Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H7N7)
On June 5, the British Chief Veterinary Officer Nigel Gibbens announced that the bird flu epidemic in Bunbury Oxfordshire, Central England was detected as H7N7, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.

　
(Ⅲ) Indonesia: A Reported Case of Human Bird Flu

The Indonesian Ministry of Health announced a reported case of human bird flu on June 5. The affected patient was a 16-year-old girl living in Jakarta. She died on June 14. At present, it hasn’t been confirmed by WHO.

(Ⅳ) Brazil: Yellow Fever
 Health authorities of Brazil announced on June 7 that two deaths resulting from yellow fever have been reported in Sao Paulo. This is the first of its kind in Sao Paulo in eight years.

(Ⅴ) Salmonella Infection
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced the outbreak of Salmonella infection on June 7. Up till now, the epidemic has spread to 16 states, totaling over 160 reported cases of infection. The age span of the affected ranges from one year old to 82, among whom not less than 23 people have been hospitalized. Texas and New Mexico see the most reported cases, 56 and 55 cases respectively.

Initial investigations have revealed that the affected may have had tomatoes infected with salmonella virus.

(Ⅵ) Singapore: Two Chikungunya Cases Reported
According to Singapore media reports on June 8, another two Chikungunya cases were reported in the country. The affected were an 86-year-old Singaporean man and his maidservant. They were confirmed infection on June 3 and June 5 respectively. As they haven’t been abroad recently, the health authorities assert that they were infected in Singapore. At present, the two affected are in stable condition.

Ⅳ Special Reminder
　
This week, epidemic outbreaks in Beijing are stable, with slight reduction in the reported cases of chickenpox and HFMD.
　
The reported cases of four intestinal infectious diseases, namely dysentery, hepatitis (unclassified), HEV and hepatitis A amount to 714, accounting for 46.91％of Type B Infectious Diseases, down 8.70％ over last week and down 18.21％ over the same time last year. Now is the season with high outbreaks of intestinal infectious diseases such as typhoid fever and bacillary dysentery. Medical institutions at all levels should further enhance the diagnosis and report of intestinal infectious diseases, and disease control centers at all levels should conduct timely data analysis for early detection of clusters of cases. Greater efforts should be exerted to publicize prevention and treatment of intestinal infectious diseases, and various forms of health education activities should be carried out to raise citizens’ awareness and control the outbreaks and prevalence of the diseases.

In addition, with the impending epidemic encephalitis B season, health authorities at all levels should strengthen mosquito density monitoring, get timely updates on mosquito population dynamics and distribution. Meanwhile, the natural infection rate of encephalitis B in pigs should be monitored to grasp encephalitis B infection in nature for facilitating scientific prediction of outbreaks of human encephalitis B. At the same time, patriotic health campaigns should be launched to strengthen management over livestock and poultry, maintain sanitation of the corrals, and reduce mosquito density in and outside the corrals, thereby reducing the number of infection sources and eliminating mosquito-breeding places. Window screens, screen doors, mosquito nets, mosquito coils, mosquito sprays and other insect repellents and mosquito control measures should be adopted for the interior of the houses to cut off the transmission channels of encephalitis B.